Which disorder is characterized by a deficiency of specific clotting factors?

Hemophilia is primarily characterized by a deficiency of specific clotting factors, which is a critical aspect of the disorder. This condition typically involves the lack of either factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or factor IX (Hemophilia B), leading to an increased tendency for bleeding due to the blood's inability to clot properly. Individuals with hemophilia often experience prolonged bleeding after injury, spontaneous bleeding, and difficulty with surgical procedures, all because of the insufficient levels of these vital factors necessary for coagulation.

In contrast, thrombophilia refers to a condition that predisposes individuals to excessive clotting, which is fundamentally different from a deficiency. Von Willebrand Disease also involves an abnormality related to clotting but primarily affects the von Willebrand factor's role in platelet function and does not directly indicate a deficiency of specific clotting factors like those seen in hemophilia. Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation that increases the risk of abnormal blood clotting but does not involve a deficiency of any clotting factor either. Thus, hemophilia stands out as the disorder specifically tied to a deficiency of crucial clotting factors, making it the correct answer.